Peptides are revolutionizing clinical diagnosis and treatment with their high selectivity and favorable side effect profiles.  Here are some key insights:

Regulatory Approvals: Over 11% of new pharmaceutical entities approved by the FDA between 2016 and 2024 were synthetic peptides. In 2023 alone, peptides accounted for 16.3% of novel therapeutics.

Safety and Efficacy: While peptides offer significant benefits, challenges like immunogenicity and off-target effects need careful consideration.

Metabolic Disorders: GLP-1 RAs like liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide are effective in managing type 2 diabetes and obesity, with additional cardiovascular benefits.

Oncology: Peptide–drug conjugates (PDCs) and peptide vaccines are innovative approaches in cancer therapy, offering targeted treatment options.

Cardiovascular and Neurological Diseases: Peptides show promise in managing heart failure and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's.

Other Applications: Peptides are used in cosmetics for anti-aging effects and as antimicrobial agents to combat antibiotic resistance.